Titanium: Los ntawm Mythological Nameing rau Industrial Hlau

Kev txheeb xyuas thaum ntxov thiab qhov teeb meem pib

Cov ntxhia Klaproth kuaj yog menachanite, tau los ntawm Cornwall, England. Tus txiv plig Askiv thiab tus kws paub txog geologist William Gregor tau tshawb pom tib lub ntsiab lus hauv cov pob zeb zoo tib yam ob peb xyoos ua ntej thiab luam tawm nws cov kev soj ntsuam. Credit rau qhov kev tshawb pom yog li sib koom ntawm ob. Gregor qhia nws ua ntej; Klaproth muab lub npe.

Ob leeg lees paub tias lawv tau pom ib yam tshiab. Qhov nyuaj nteg nyob rau hauv dab tsi ua raws li. Titanium reacts nkag nrog oxygen thiab nitrogen thaum raug kub. Thaum ntxov sim yaj los yog txo cov hlau tsis tu ncua ua cov khoom tsis huv, nkig. Rau ntau tshaj li ib puas xyoo, titanium tseem yog ib qho kev sim xav paub. Nws lub zog thiab qhov ntom ntom tau nkag siab, tab sis tsis muaj txoj hauv kev tsim tawm.

Txoj kev loj hlob ntawm txoj kev siv tau zoo

William Justin Kroll, ib tug neeg Luxembourg -yug metallurgist nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Meskas, tau daws qhov teeb meem no hauv xyoo 1940. Nws tau tsim cov txheej txheem uas magnesium tau siv los txo cov titanium tetrachloride, tshem tawm cov tshuaj chlorine los ua cov hlau titanium. Txoj kev tau qeeb, raug nqi, thiab xav tau ntau lub zog nkag. Nws ua haujlwm, txawm li cas los xij, thiab qhov ntawd hloov txhua yam.

Kroll txoj hauv kev tseem yog lub hauv paus ntawm titanium ntau lawm rau hnub no. Kev xa mus rau thoob ntiaj teb raws li cov txheej txheem Kroll, nws tseem ua rau muaj kev lag luam tawm ntawm titanium daim txhuam cev - daim ntawv nruab nrab uas tom qab yaj, ua kom zoo, thiab tsim rau hauv phaj, bar, hlau, raj, thiab ntawv.

Cov ntsiab lus keeb kwm nrawm nrawm rau kev saws me nyuam. Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob thiab lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Txias thaum ntxov tau tsim muaj kev xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub zog siab, qhov hnyav qis, thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo rau qhov chaw ua haujlwm huab cua - tshwj xeeb hauv cov tshuab dav hlau thiab airframes. Titanium ua tau raws li cov cai no. Teb Chaws Asmeskas cov tub rog kev nqis peev tau tsav qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev tsim khoom thoob plaws hauv xyoo 1950.

Expansion Tshaj Tawm Aerospace

Aerospace muab titanium thawj daim ntawv thov kev lag luam loj. Lub Lockheed A-12 reconnaissance aircraft, ua ntej rau SR-71 Blackbird, yog ib qho ntawm cov qauv tsim ntxov tshaj plaws los koom nrog titanium ntau hauv nws cov airframe. SR-71 nws tus kheej yog tsim los ntawm kwv yees li 85% ntawm titanium alloy. Qhov no yog qhov tsim nyog tsim nyog: ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrawm, kev sib txhuam aerodynamic ua kom sov lub dav hlau daim tawv nqaij tshaj 300 degree.

Kev saws me nyuam tom qab txuas ntxiv mus rau kev ua tshuaj lom neeg - qhov twg titanium's corrosion kuj ua pov thawj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo - lub zog tsim hluav taws xob, desalination, thiab kev cog qoob loo kho mob. Cov hlau yog biocompatible; tib neeg lub cev feem ntau tsis kam lees lossis ua phem rau titanium implants. Cov neeg siv khoom siv tau ua raws li, suav nrog cov khoom siv ncaws pob thiab cov hniav nyiaj hniav kub.

Tuam Tshoj tau nkag mus rau titanium sector tom qab tab sis nthuav dav sai. Baoji, nyob hauv xeev Shaanxi, tau tshwm sim los ua lub chaw tsim khoom hauv lub tebchaws txij li xyoo 1960 mus txog. Tam sim no, Tuam Tshoj suav rau ntau tshaj li ib nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb titanium tso zis, thiab Baoji lub hauv paus kev lag luam tseem nyob ze rau cov hlau.

Cov xwm txheej tam sim no thiab Outlook

Titanium tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob nws ib zaug. Cov nqi tsim khoom tau poob qis heev, txawm hais tias cov txheej txheem Kroll tseem nyob hauv cov khoom sib xws -raws li thiab lub zog- hnyav. Kev tshawb fawb rau lwm txoj hauv kev - suav nrog cov txheej txheem FFC Cambridge thiab ntau yam txheej txheem electrolytic - yuav tsum txo cov nqi ntxiv rau xyoo tom ntej.

Lub hauv paus zoo ntawm titanium tsis tau hloov. Its combination of low density, high structural strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility is uncommon among metals. Tsis muaj ib qho khoom siv hloov pauv tau sib luag tag nrho cov khoom no ib txhij. Raws li kev lag luam txuas ntxiv yuav tsum tau sib dua, ruaj khov dua, thiab cov ntaub ntawv siv tau zoo dua, kev siv titanium txuas ntxiv mus rau - txuas ntxiv los ntawm aerospace thiab tshuaj mus rau hauv architecture, automotive engineering, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam.